Calculating Cerebral Perfusion Pressure: Explained
What is cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)? Cerebral Perfusion Pressure is the pressure required to move sufficient amounts of blood to…
Cardiac Monitoring
Introduction Cardiac Monitoring: A cardiac monitor is a bedside observation/diagnostic tool that allows continuous electrocardiogram (ECG),…
Administration of Cardiac Medications
Introduction Cardiac medications are lifesaving drugs, to maintain daily health and tackle life-threatening conditions. Nurses play a major…
Care of Patient with Pacemaker
Definition Pacemaker is an electric device which regulates the heartbeat by generating electrical signals or pacing pulses through the leads…
Continuous Neurological Monitoring of Patients
Introduction Continuous Neurological Monitoring of Patients is one of the priority functions of the neurological intensive care unit nurses is…
Basics of Increased Intracranial Pressure: Explained
What is increased intracranial pressure? Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) happens when there’s a rise in the pressure within your cranial…
Neurological Examination of an Unconscious or Comatose Patient
Neurological examination of an unconsious or comatose identifies lesion location, monitors progression, and guides urgent interventions in…
Calculating Heart Rate on an ECG: Explained
Calculating rate There are three main methods of calculating Heart rate on an ECG. There is no specific best method, and preference varies…
Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Monitoring
Introduction Elevated Intracranial Pressure (ICP) most commonly occurs in head injury, hydrocephalus, space-occupying lesion, encephalopathy,…
How to Calculate the A-a Gradient
The A-a gradient (Alveolar-arterial gradient) is a measure of the difference between the oxygen concentration in the alveoli (PAO₂) and the…
Setting Up of Ventilator Modes and Settings and Care of Patient on Ventilator
Introduction Ventilator modes are tailored to a Patients weight, lung mechanics, and clinical condition. These modes determine how breaths are…
Cardioversion
Cardioversion is a medical procedure used to restore a normal heart rhythm in patients experiencing certain types of arrhythmias, such as…
Changing the Central Venous Catheter Tubing
Definition Central venous catheter tubing is changed frequently to ensure minimal risk of infection. The frequency of change…
Care of Patient with a Chest Tube Inserted in Thoracic Cavity
Definition A chest tube is inserted in thoracic cavity to maintain respiratory function and hemodynamic stability of a patient. Indications…
Assisting with insertion of Central Venous catheter
Definition It refers to insertion of a central venous catheter (IV catheter designed for the purpose) into a large central vein with the…
Flushing a central venous catheter
Flushing a central venous catheter (CVC) is a critical nursing procedure that maintains catheter patency, prevents clot formation, and reduces…
Measuring Central Venous Pressure
Definition Central venous pressure (CVP) is a measure of the pressure within the right atrium of the heart. CVP can be measured using a…
Changing Dressing at Central Venous Catheter Insertion site
Definition Changing the dressing at a central venous catheter (CVC) insertion site is a high-stakes, sterile procedure that helps prevent…
Assisting with Tracheostomy
Assisting with a tracheostomy—the surgical creation of an opening in the trachea to insert a breathing tube—is a critical nursing…
Providing Tracheostomy care
Definition Tracheostomy care includes changing a tracheostomy inner tube, cleaning tracheostomy site, and changing dressing around the site.…
Assisting with Insertion of Sengstaken-Blakemore Tube/ Balloon Tamponade
Definition It refers to assisting in the insertion of Sengstaken-Blakemore tube or Minnesota balloon which exerts pressure directly on…
Preparation of Patient and Assisting with pacemaker Implantation
Definition A pacemaker is an electronic device that provides repetitive electrical stimuli to heart muscles when the patient’s intrinsic…
Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring
Definition Direct arterial blood pressure monitoring is a method by which arterial blood pressure is monitored by inserting a needle cannula…
Assisting with Endotracheal Tube Intubation and Extubation
Introduction Endotracheal tube (ETT) intubation is a critical, often life-saving procedure used to secure a patient’s airway and ensure…
Syringe Pump Including Volume – Controlled Administration
Introduction This is a method of intermittent IV infusion in which the drug is mixed with a small amount of the IV solution (50-100 mL) and…
ICU Care Bundle
Introduction The ICU care bundle (ABCDEF) is an evidence-based guide for clinicians to coordinate multidisciplinary patient care in the ICU.…
Administration of Drugs Via Intracardiac, Intrathecal, Epidural
Administration of Drugs via intracardiac, intrathecal, and epidural routes involves highly specialized techniques used in critical care,…
Volume – Controlled Administration (VCA) Set
Definition: A VCA set integrates a built-in reservoir or control mechanism within the IV tubing that restricts the maximum volume of fluid…
Insertion of Oropharyngeal Airway
An oropharyngeal airway (OPA) also known as a Guedel airway is a curved, rigid device used to maintain an open airway in unconscious patients…
Setting Up of Infusion Pump
Introduction Infusion pump is an electromechanical device developed to overcome the deficiencies of gravity based IV infusion sets. This…
Bag Valve Mask (BVM) Ventilation
A Bag Valve Mask (BVM) often called an Ambu bag is a manual resuscitation device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who…
Setting Up of Trolley with Instruments
Introduction Crash cart is a specially designed trolley, used for transporting and dispensing medicines and equipment located in areas of…
Assessment of critically ill Patients
Introduction A critically ill patients are one at imminent risk of death. The severity of the illness must be recognized early and appropriate…