First Aid for Diarrhea
Diarrhea is usually a temporary condition that can cause discomfort but may lead to dehydration if not managed properly. The following first…
ACLS algorithm: Overview
ACLS: Advanced Cardiac Life Support provides a structured, evidence-based approach for managing life-threatening cardiovascular emergencies.…
First Aid for High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a sustained elevation of arterial pressure. Stage 1 hypertension begins at readings of 130–139/80–89…
First Aid for Impetigo
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly affects children but can occur in people of all ages. It presents as red sores…
First aid for accidental amputation
First aid for accidental amputation—whether partial or complete—is a critical, time-sensitive intervention that can save a life and improve…
Barrier and Reverse Barrier Nursing
Introduction Infectious diseases are contagious and can be a threat in the care of patients. The nurse, being the first point of contact with…
Application / Maintenance of Sequential Compression Device
Introduction A sequential compression device (SCD), also called intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) device or compression sleeve, is…
Triage System in Emergency Departement
Introduction The triage system is one of the most important measures in response to mass casualty incidents (MCIs) caused by emergencies and…
First aid for temperature related emergencies
Temperature related emergencies encompass both heat-related and cold-related conditions. Whether someone is suffering from heat exhaustion or…
Bacillus Calmette Guérin BCG Vaccine
Introduction Bacillus Calmette Guérin BCG Vaccine is the foremost and first vaccine in the immunization schedule that is given to a newborn…
First aid for Seizures
Definition Epilepsy, or seizure disorder, is a medical condition that produces seizures. A seizure usually involves convulsions and sometimes…
First Aid for Angina Attack
Angina refers to a person experiencing pain in the chest or discomfort due to their heart not receiving enough blood that’s rich in oxygen. As…
Preparation for skull and Spine X-ray
Definition A skull X-ray is an imaging test that uses X-ray beams to produce images of the bones in the skull, including the facial bones,…
First aid for Influenza (Flu)
Influenza commonly known as “the flu,” is caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract. A typical influenza infection causes fever,…
First aid for Drowning
Drowning is a form of asphyxiation that occurs when liquid obstructs the airway, preventing oxygen exchange. Contrary to popular belief, most…
Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux Test)
Introduction The Mantoux test is performed to find out whether a person is infected with tubercle bacilli and to screen latent M. tuberculosis…
First Aid for Sprain
A sprain is an injury to a ligament caused by overstretching or tearing the tough, elastic bands that connect bones and stabilize joints.…
First Aid for Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis is a condition that leads to swelling and inflammation of the epiglottis, which is a flap of cartilage situated in the throat…
Myelogram
Introduction A myelogram (or myelography) is a specialized imaging test used to evaluate the spinal cord, nerve roots, and surrounding…
First Aid for Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life‐threatening allergic reaction that requires rapid and decisive first aid. It can occur within seconds to minutes…
Needlestick Injury and Sharp Injury Prevention
Introduction A needlestick injury occurs when a needle or other sharp object accidentally punctures the skin, potentially exposing the…
First Aid for Chickenpox
What is chickenpox? Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral illnes caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Someone with chickenpox will usually…
Muscle Strengthening Exercises
Introduction Muscle strengthening exercises involve tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts (isometric contractions). They…
First Aid for a Broken Bone
Broken bones, or fractures, are common injuries amongst children and adults. A fracture occurs when excessive force is applied to a bone…
Calculating Cerebral Perfusion Pressure: Explained
What is cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)? Cerebral Perfusion Pressure is the pressure required to move sufficient amounts of blood to…
Positioning and Restraining Children for Procedures
Positioning and restraining children during medical procedures is essential for safety, accuracy, and emotional comfort. The goal is to…
Skin Allergy Test
Introduction A skin allergy test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify substances (allergens) that trigger allergic reactions. It’s…
Emergency Management of Patient with Medical and Traumatic Injury
Introduction Emergency management of a patient with multiple trauma is complex and takes place in several stages requiring a great deal of…
Cardiac Monitoring
Introduction Cardiac Monitoring: A cardiac monitor is a bedside observation/diagnostic tool that allows continuous electrocardiogram (ECG),…
Geriatric counselling
Introduction Geriatric counselling is a specialized psychotherapeutic approach tailored to the unique emotional, cognitive, and social needs…
Cleaning and Disinfection
Introduction Cleaning and disinfection are essential practices in healthcare, food service, and everyday environments to prevent the spread of…
First Aid for Rope Burn
A rope burn is a type of friction burn caused by rapid or repeated movement of coarse rope against the skin, abrading the epidermis and…
First Aid for Poison Ivy, Oak and Sumac Rash
Contact with poison ivy, oak, or sumac exposes skin to urushiol oil, triggering an itchy, blistering allergic reaction. Prompt first aid can…