Increased Intracranial Pressure ICP: Comprehensive Guide
Introduction Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a critical and potentially life-threatening condition encountered in various clinical…
Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease Key Difference
The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste, balancing fluids, and regulating blood pressure—but when their function is compromised, the…
HDL versus LDL Cholesterol: Understanding the Lipid Profile
Cholesterol—often misunderstood, sometimes maligned, yet always vital—sits at the heart of many conversations about health and longevity.…
HRCT (High-Resolution Computed Tomography)
High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) is an advanced imaging technique primarily used to obtain detailed images of the lungs. It…
Interpreting Liver Enzymes and Liver Function Tests
A Liver Function Test (LFT) is a blood test used to evaluate the health of the liver by measuring various enzymes, proteins, and substances…
How to Calculate the Glomerular Filtration Rate
Glomerular filtration is the first step in the process of urine formation in the kidneys. It occurs in the glomerulus, a network of…
What GFR Reveals About Renal Function and Wellbeing
GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) is the most reliable indicator of kidney function, measuring how effectively the kidneys filter waste and…
Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Test
The Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Test is a specialized computed tomography (CT) scan used to detect calcified plaque in the coronary…
Kidney Biopsy: An In-Depth Exploration
Introduction to Kidney Biopsy A kidney biopsy is a vital medical procedure used in the diagnosis and management of various renal diseases. By…
HbA1C and Its Important
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) is a blood test that measures the average blood sugar (glucose) levels over the past two to three months. It provides a…
How to Calculate the Absolute Neutrophil Count
How to Calculate the Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) is a simple but essential process that helps determine a patient’s risk for infection,…
Understanding the Thyroid Negative Feedback Loop
The thyroid negative feedback loop is a regulatory mechanism that helps maintain stable levels of thyroid hormones in the body. It involves…
What is a Biomarker and its Types
What is a Biomarker? A biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of a biological state or condition. It is typically used in…
Laboratory Values and its Reference Ranges with Nursing Implications
Questions involving Laboratory Values and its reference ranges are included in most nursing examinations, especially the NCLEX-RN. Normal Lab…
Liver Biopsy Procedure
Introduction A liver biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of liver tissue is removed for laboratory examination. This…