Assisting with Ambulation of Patients
Introduction Assisting with ambulation means helping patients walk safely—whether they’re recovering from surgery, managing chronic…
Transfer: Inter-Hospital and Intra-Hospital
Definition Transfer of a patient is defined as shifting a patient from one department to another department in the same hospital between…
How to Calculate the A-a Gradient
The A-a gradient (Alveolar-arterial gradient) is a measure of the difference between the oxygen concentration in the alveoli (PAO₂) and the…
Pulse: Assessment of Vital signs
Pulse assessment is a vital sign evaluation technique that provides critical insights into cardiovascular health by measuring heart rate,…
Respiration: Assessment of Vital signs
Definition Respiration is the process of breathing and consists of inspiration and expiration. Assessing respiration involves monitoring…
Setting Up of Ventilator Modes and Settings and Care of Patient on Ventilator
Introduction Ventilator modes are tailored to a Patients weight, lung mechanics, and clinical condition. These modes determine how breaths are…
Cardioversion
Cardioversion is a medical procedure used to restore a normal heart rhythm in patients experiencing certain types of arrhythmias, such as…
Pain Management in Adults
Pain management in adults combines pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches to treat acute and chronic pain. Nurses assess pain levels,…
First Aid for Bruises
Bruises happen when small blood vessels are damaged beneath the skin, causing blood to leak and create that characteristic black-and-blue…
First Aid for Bee Stings
Bee stings, while often a temporary discomfort, can occasionally lead to severe reactions in some individuals. In such cases, knowing how to…
First Aid for Muscle Cramps
Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions of a muscle or group of muscles that can cause significant discomfort. They often occur…
First Aid for Drug Overdose
A drug overdose is a life‑threatening emergency that can result from consuming excessive amounts of a substance, whether legal, prescription,…
Visual Acuity
Introduction Assessment of visual acuity is one of the most common procedures performed by an ophthalmologist. It helps to identify visual…
Audiometry Tests
Introduction Audiometry is one of the most common procedures performed by an audiologist. It helps to measure one’s ability to…
ABG Interpretation for Nurses
What is an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)? An arterial blood gases (ABG) test is a blood test that measures the acidity, or pH, and the levels…
Retinoscopy-Nursing Care
Introduction Retinoscopy is a clinical technique used to objectively assess refractive errors in the eye such as myopia, hyperopia, and…
Care of Patient with Bowel Incontinence
Bowel incontinence is the loss of control over bowel movements, leading to accidental leakage. It may result from muscle weakness, nerve…
What is SBAR? Where it is Used in Nursing
SBAR is a standardized communication framework used to effectively communicate critical information between healthcare professionals, ensuring…
Care of Baby on Mechanical Ventilation
Definition Mechanical ventilation can be defined as the technique through which gas is moved toward and from the lungs through an external…
Cancer Rehabilitation
Introduction Cancer rehabilitation is the care that should be integrated throughout the oncology care continuum to treat the patient’s…
First Aid for a Suspected Stroke (Brain Attack)
A suspected stroke is a brain attack which occurs when brain cells become starved oxygen due to an interruption in blood supplying the brain.…
Cancer Screening
Introduction Cancer screening is a proactive approach to detect cancer before symptoms appear, improving the chances of early treatment and…
Restraints in Neonates
Restraints in neonates refer to the temporary restriction of movement to ensure safety, medical procedures, or therapeutic interventions. They…
First Aid for Genital Injuries
Genital injuries in are sensitive and potentially serious events that require careful evaluation, both medically and emotionally. They can…
Surgical Dressing in Neonates
Definition Surgical dressing is a sterile protective covering, applied to a surgical wound/incision using aseptic techniques with or without…
Gene Therapy
Introduction Gene therapy replaces a faulty gene or adds a new gene in an attempt to cure a disease or improve your body’s ability to…
Preparation of patient and assisting with proctoscopy
Definition Proctoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the rectum and anus. It involves the use of a proctoscope, a hollow tube with a…
Preparation for and assisting with digital subtraction angiography
Definition Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a type of fluoroscopy technique used in interventional radiology to clearly visualize…
Newborn Admission procedure
Definition Newborn admission to a hospital or neonatal unit is a structured process that ensures the infant receives timely, safe, and…
Removal of Sutures in Neonates
Definition The removal of sutures in neonates refers to the careful extraction of surgical stitches used to close wounds or incisions in…
Oxygen Therapy in Pediatrics
Oxygen therapy is the administration of the oxygen for treatment of the conditions resulting from oxygen deficiency. Purposes Indications for…
Eye Care in Neonates
Definition Neonatal eye care refers to the specialized medical attention and preventive measures taken to ensure the healthy development of a…
Health history Taking in Newborns
Introduction The health history provides the nurse with an overall picture of what the child has experienced, highlighting the areas of…