A Guide to AVPU for First Aiders
How to assess responsiveness quickly, recognise deterioration, and take the right action in an emergency When a person becomes suddenly ill or…
First Aid Kit: How to Organise in 2026 – A Step-by-Step Guide for Nurses
Designing a safe, visible, reliable kit that supports rapid care when every second counts A first aid kit is more than a container of…
First Aid for Diarrhea
Diarrhea is usually a temporary condition that can cause discomfort but may lead to dehydration if not managed properly. The following first…
First Aid for High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a sustained elevation of arterial pressure. Stage 1 hypertension begins at readings of 130–139/80–89…
First Aid for Impetigo
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly affects children but can occur in people of all ages. It presents as red sores…
First aid for accidental amputation
First aid for accidental amputation—whether partial or complete—is a critical, time-sensitive intervention that can save a life and improve…
First aid for temperature related emergencies
Temperature related emergencies encompass both heat-related and cold-related conditions. Whether someone is suffering from heat exhaustion or…
First aid for Seizures
Definition Epilepsy, or seizure disorder, is a medical condition that produces seizures. A seizure usually involves convulsions and sometimes…
First Aid for Angina Attack
Angina refers to a person experiencing pain in the chest or discomfort due to their heart not receiving enough blood that’s rich in oxygen. As…
First aid for Influenza (Flu)
Influenza commonly known as “the flu,” is caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract. A typical influenza infection causes fever,…
First aid for Drowning
Drowning is a form of asphyxiation that occurs when liquid obstructs the airway, preventing oxygen exchange. Contrary to popular belief, most…
First Aid for Sprain
A sprain is an injury to a ligament caused by overstretching or tearing the tough, elastic bands that connect bones and stabilize joints.…
First Aid for Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis is a condition that leads to swelling and inflammation of the epiglottis, which is a flap of cartilage situated in the throat…
First Aid for Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life‐threatening allergic reaction that requires rapid and decisive first aid. It can occur within seconds to minutes…
First Aid for Chickenpox
What is chickenpox? Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral illnes caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Someone with chickenpox will usually…
First Aid for a Broken Bone
Broken bones, or fractures, are common injuries amongst children and adults. A fracture occurs when excessive force is applied to a bone…
First Aid for Rope Burn
A rope burn is a type of friction burn caused by rapid or repeated movement of coarse rope against the skin, abrading the epidermis and…
First Aid for Poison Ivy, Oak and Sumac Rash
Contact with poison ivy, oak, or sumac exposes skin to urushiol oil, triggering an itchy, blistering allergic reaction. Prompt first aid can…
First Aid for Electrical Injuries
Electrical injuries range from mild shocks to life-threatening burns and cardiac arrhythmias. Damage depends on voltage, current type, path…
First Aid for Diabetic Emergencies
A diabetic emergencies occurs when blood sugar levels become dangerously low (hypoglycemia) or high (hyperglycemia), impairing brain and organ…
First Aid for Thermal Contact Burns
Thermal contact burns occur when skin touches a hot surface like a pan, iron, or heated metal. These burns can range from mild to severe, and…
First Aid for Internal Bleeding
Internal bleeding (hemorrhage within body cavities or tissues) is life-threatening because blood loss and pressure drop impair oxygen delivery…
First aid for Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot, most often originating from the deep veins of the legs. Emboli…
First Aid for Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health condition characterized by psychotic symptoms hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and…
First Aid for Puncture Wounds
A puncture wounds occurs when a sharp object pierces the skin and enters the underlying tissues. These wounds often bleed minimally but can be…
First Aid for Dislocations
A dislocation occurs when the bones in a joint are forced out of their normal position, causing pain, deformity, and loss of function. Prompt…
First Aid for Hypotension
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, means that blood isn’t being pumped around the body at a normal rate. While many people with hypotension…
First Aid for a Migraine Headache
Migraine headache is a recurrent neurological disorder with symptoms like throbbing pain, nausea, aura, and sensitivity to light or sound.…
First Aid for a Broken Arm
A broken arm occurs when one or more bones in the arm humerus (upper arm), radius, or ulna (forearm) are cracked or shattered due to trauma or…
First Aid for Heatstroke and Hypothermia
Heatstroke The most serious of the heat-related syndromes, heatstroke can be brought on by exercise or work in a hot environment, coupled with…
First Aid for Choking
Choking occurs when an object lodges in the throat or windpipe, blocking airflow and posing a life-threatening emergency. Signs and Symptoms…
First Aid for Leukaemia & Myeloma
Leukaemia are cancers of the bone marrow in which abnormal white blood cells multiply rapidly, crowding out healthy cells and impairing oxygen…
First Aid for Asthma Without an Inhaler
An asthma attack without a rescue inhaler can rapidly become life-threatening. While nothing replaces prescribed medication, these immediate…