First Aid for a Broken Arm
A broken arm occurs when one or more bones in the arm humerus (upper arm), radius, or ulna (forearm) are cracked or shattered due to trauma or…
Care of Patient with Pacemaker
Definition Pacemaker is an electric device which regulates the heartbeat by generating electrical signals or pacing pulses through the leads…
Assessment of Integumentary System
Introduction Integumentary system consists of skin, nails, hair, and scalp. The skin is the largest organ in the body. The normal adult has…
First Aid for Heatstroke and Hypothermia
Heatstroke The most serious of the heat-related syndromes, heatstroke can be brought on by exercise or work in a hot environment, coupled with…
First Aid for Choking
Choking occurs when an object lodges in the throat or windpipe, blocking airflow and posing a life-threatening emergency. Signs and Symptoms…
Care of Pressure Points
Definition Pressure on the skin and tissues close to the bony prominences deprives blood supply to those areas resulting in the formation of…
Colostomy Procedure: Changing & Emptying Ostomy Pouches
Colostomy care refers to cleaning of the stoma area using warm water and dry wipes to gently clean around the stoma.A colostomy is a…
First Aid for Leukaemia & Myeloma
Leukaemia are cancers of the bone marrow in which abnormal white blood cells multiply rapidly, crowding out healthy cells and impairing oxygen…
Surgical Dressing
A surgical dressing is a sterile covering applied to a wound or incision site to promote healing, prevent infection, absorb exudate, and…
First Aid for Asthma Without an Inhaler
An asthma attack without a rescue inhaler can rapidly become life-threatening. While nothing replaces prescribed medication, these immediate…
First Aid for Febrile Convulsions
Febrile convulsions (also known as febrile seizures) are convulsive episodes brought on by a rapid increase in body temperature and most…
Drug Calculations Made Easy: How to Calculate Continuous IV Infusion (mcg/min)
Drug Calculations Drug calculations are essential for safe and effective medication administration. Here’s a structured breakdown of the core…
First Aid for Dehydration
Dehydration is a potentially serious condition where fluid (and salts) are lost from the body and not adequately replaced. Dehydration…
Continuous Neurological Monitoring of Patients
Introduction Continuous Neurological Monitoring of Patients is one of the priority functions of the neurological intensive care unit nurses is…
First Aid for Burns and Scalds
Burns and Scalds are tissue injuries caused by heat sources such as hot liquids, flames, the sun, chemicals, electricity, or steam. Scalds…
First aid for Abdominal Pain
Abdominal pain can stem from many organs stomach, intestines, gallbladder, pancreas, or even the abdominal aorta. Most cases are benign, but…
How to Mix Insulin:Explained
Insulin, the medication of choice for patients, tends to work primarily in the body’s liver, muscles, and tissues. This allows it to bind to…
IV Therapy: Infiltration vs Extravasation with Case Studies
What is Extravasation, Infiltration, and Phlebitis? Infiltration vs Extravasation : Extravasation,…
Basics of Increased Intracranial Pressure: Explained
What is increased intracranial pressure? Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) happens when there’s a rise in the pressure within your cranial…
First Aid for Heart Failure
Heart failure is the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid backup in lungs and peripheral tissues. Prompt first aid…
First Aid for Animal and Insect Bites
First aid for animal and insect bites focuses on minimizing the risk of infection, controlling any bleeding, and reducing discomfort until…
Hot Applications: Infrared Lamp
Infrared lamp therapy is a specialized form of hot application that uses infrared radiation to deliver deep, penetrating heat to tissues. It’s…
Neurological Examination of an Unconscious or Comatose Patient
A neurological examination evaluates brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve function. Nurses assess consciousness, reflexes, motor skills,…
Prostate Biopsy
Introduction Prostate biopsy is the gold standard diagnostic technique for the detection of prostate cancer. Early detection is crucial to…
Calculating Heart Rate on an ECG: Explained
Calculating rate There are three main methods of calculating Heart rate on an ECG. There is no specific best method, and…
Wet to Dry Dressing: How to Perform
Introduction on Use of Wet to Dry Dressings Wet to Dry Dressing: Some wounds heal on their own without the need for dressing to help them…
How to manage Difficult Cannulation
Difficult cannulation involves challenges in locating and accessing veins due to patient factors like dehydration, obesity, or fragile…
How to take manual Blood Pressure readings: A step-by-Step Guide
What is blood pressure and how is it measured? Before diving into the step-by-step process, it’s important to understand what blood…
Performing PQRST Pain Assessment: Explained
Why is the PQRST Pain Assessment Important? Pain is subjective, meaning it’s experienced and described differently by each individual.…
The 10 Rights of Medication Administration: Explained
Medication administration is a critical aspect of healthcare that requires meticulous attention to detail and a thorough understanding of…
First Aid for Animal and Human Bites
Animal and human bites can introduce bacteria deep into tissues, cause significant bleeding, and carry risks of infections such as tetanus,…
First Aid for Frostbite
Frostbite occurs when skin and underlying tissues freeze after exposure to very cold temperatures. It often begins with a cold feeling and…
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Therapy
Introduction Immunoglobulin therapy is a precautionary measure for patients with low immunity. IVIG therapy can be administered as a…