Urine specimen collection in Pediatrics
Urine specimen collection in pediatrics is a vital diagnostic procedure used to detect infections, assess kidney function, and monitor…
Lumbar puncture in Pediatrics
Lumbar puncture (LP) or spinal tap is the technique of using a spinal needle to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the spinal cord.…
Stool specimen collection in Pediatrics
Stool specimen collection in pediatrics is the process of obtaining a child’s fecal sample for diagnostic testing. It helps detect infections,…
Liver biopsy in Pediatrics
A liver biopsy in pediatrics is a diagnostic procedure where a small sample of liver tissue is obtained typically using a needle for…
Kidney biopsy in Pediatrics
A kidney biopsy in pediatrics—also called a renal biopsy—is a diagnostic procedure where a small sample of kidney tissue is removed and…
Cardiac catheterization in Pediatrics
Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure in which a radio-opaque catheter is inserted through the peripheral blood vessel into the…
Bone marrow aspiration in Pediatrics
Bone marrow aspiration in pediatrics is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to obtain a sample of the liquid portion of bone marrow for…
Fine needle aspiration in Pediatrics
Fine needle aspiration is also called fine needle biopsy is a technique that allows a biopsy of various bumps and lumps. Fine needle…
Electrocardiogram in Pediatrics
Electrocardiogram is the recording of the electrical activity of the heart. Traditionally this is in the form of a transthoracic…
Assisting breastfeeding in Neonates
Breastfeeding comprises more than lactation. It adds to the interaction between the mother and baby, her response to his signals and his…
Formula feeding in Pediatrics
Formula feeding is a form of supplementary or substituted feeding given instead of breastfeeding. Indications (May be Absolute or Relative)…
Gavage feeding in Pediatrics
Gavage Feeding is commonly called tube feeding involves insertion of tube via nose or mouth with the tube ending in the stomach. It is…
Gastrostomy feeding in Pediatrics
Gastrostomy feeding is a method of administration of fluid though the surgical opening into the stomach via the opening at abdominal wall.…
Jejunostomy feeding in Pediatrics
Jejunostomy feeding is the method of feeding directly into the small intestine. In this procedure, the feeding tube is passed into the…
Total parenteral nutrition in Pediatrics
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) in pediatrics is a life-sustaining therapy that delivers all essential nutrients directly into the…
Steam inhalation in Pediatrics
Steam inhalation in pediatrics is a supportive therapy used to relieve symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections, such as nasal…
Nebulization in Pediatrics
Nebulization in pediatrics is a cornerstone therapy for delivering aerosolized medications directly into the lungs—especially useful for…
Low flow Oxygen delivery system in Pediatrics
A low flow oxygen delivery system provides supplemental oxygen at flow rates that do not meet the child’s total inspiratory demand. As a…
Chest physiotherapy in Pediatrics
Chest physiotherapy is an airway clearance technique that combines manual percussion of the chest wall by the caregiver, strategic positioning…
Oral medications administration in Pediatrics
Oral medication administration in pediatrics requires precision, patience, and age-appropriate techniques to ensure safety, effectiveness, and…
Incentive spirometry in Pediatrics
Incentive spirometry in pediatrics is a therapeutic technique that encourages children to take deep breaths using a handheld device, helping…
Intramuscular injection in Pediatrics
Intramuscular injection (IM) in pediatrics is a common route for administering vaccines, antibiotics, and other medications directly into…
Subcutaneous injection in Pediatrics
Subcutaneous injection (SC) in pediatrics involves administering medication into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin. It’s commonly used…
Intravenous therapy in Pediatrics
Intravenous therapy (IV) in pediatrics is a vital intervention used to deliver fluids, medications, blood products, or nutrition directly into…
Intradermal injections in Pediatrics
Intradermal injections (ID) in pediatrics are used primarily for diagnostic purposes—such as tuberculin skin testing or allergy testing—by…
Kangaroo mother care
Kangaroo mother care is a special way of caring low birth weight infant by skin-to-skin contact Eligibility Criteria For Babies For…
Bed Bath: Bathing a Patient in Bed
Definition A bed bath for an adult patient is a vital nursing procedure that promotes hygiene, comfort, skin integrity, and…
Neonatal examination
A neonatal examination is a comprehensive head-to-toe assessment performed within the first 72 hours of life to evaluate a newborn’s…
Assisting with Ambulation of Patients
Introduction Assisting with ambulation means helping patients walk safely—whether they’re recovering from surgery, managing chronic…
Transfer: Inter-Hospital and Intra-Hospital
Definition Transfer of a patient is defined as shifting a patient from one department to another department in the same hospital between…
How to Calculate the A-a Gradient
The A-a gradient (Alveolar-arterial gradient) is a measure of the difference between the oxygen concentration in the alveoli (PAO₂) and the…
Pulse: Assessment of Vital signs
Pulse assessment is a vital sign evaluation technique that provides critical insights into cardiovascular health by measuring heart rate,…
Respiration: Assessment of Vital signs
Definition Respiration is the process of breathing and consists of inspiration and expiration. Assessing respiration involves monitoring…